The article discusses labor participation and fertility of rural women in Nepal. The labor force contribution of rural Nepali women is generally considered as confined to household activities mainly. Besides household activities women also contribute labor to directly productive economic activities. The labor force participation of females and children is high among the agro-economic patterns of rural Nepal. Literature on population in India and elsewhere suggests that the type of labor that females and children contribute is directly related to fertility. Though no such work has been carried out yet in the Nepalese context, the cumulative fertility rate of 6.1 children per female suggests a correlation between high fertility and labor force participation of children in Nepal. (Rajeev Ranjan Singh 2007-01-22)