Psychoanalyst and practicing psychotherapist, Jeffrey Rubin offers a critique of how meditation is often pursued by contemporary meditators. He distinguishes between meditation which is self-confirming and segregated from daily life and a more embracing, emancipatory, and open-ended approach to meditation wherein one is not exerting extraordinary amounts of effort to produce contrived and controlled states of mind. The latter approach emphasizes being with whatever arises and disassociating from a puritanical, guilt-ridden approach to meditative progress. (Zach Rowinski 2005-03-10)