Invocation of Deities through Bonpo

Bhutanese have strong belief in the existence of a wide range of non-human deities and spirits in the world. Bhutan's pre-Buddhist spiritual cultures generally consists of animistic and shamanistic worship of nature and its forces. The Bhutanese world view has their habitat teeming with non-human spirits, some of whom grants boons while others causes a lot of harm to the human population in the form of illnesses, accidents and misfortunes. Thus, the pre-Buddhist Bhutanese life involved constant negotiation with natural forces. The spirits were venerated, worshiped or placated through offering, including sacrificial animals, by shamans and priests, who would perform the seasonal as well as exceptional offerings.